Addresses
A miner can be configured with an owner address, a worker address, and additional control addresses. These allow granularity in how the funds sent and received from the miner are managed and provide additional security to the mining operation.
During miner initialization, a miner actor is created on the chain, and this actor gives the miner its ID f0.... The miner actor is in charge of collecting all the payments sent to the miner. For example, when a payment is sent for honoring the different types of deals, that payment goes to the miner actor, not the miner itself.
The Lotus Miner daemon performs the operations required by the network and can use different Lotus node wallets to pay the fees or interact with the miner actor. Check out the set up section for more information on how to manage Lotus wallets.
The currently configured addresses used by a miner can be listed with:
lotus-miner actor control list
name ID key use balance
owner f01234 f3defg... 300 FIL
worker f01111 f3abcd... other 300 FIL
beneficiary f01234 f3defg... other 300 FIL
control-0 f02222 f3defg... post 100 FIL
The different types of addresses associated with a miner are described below:
The owner address
The owner address corresponds to a Lotus node address provided during the miner initialization. The owner address is only needed when:
- Changing the owner or the worker address in the miner actor.
- Withdrawing balance from the miner actor.
- Submit WindowPoSts, unless control addresses are defined and have enough balance (continued below).
The address chosen to be the miner’s owner address is designed to be kept offline in cold storage, or backed up by a hardware wallet. In production environments, we strongly recommend using separate owner and worker addresses.
The owner address can be updated with the following command:
lotus-miner actor set-owner --really-do-it <new address> <old address> && lotus-miner actor set-owner --really-do-it <new address> <new address>
Message CID: bafy2bzacebdjlbjqm5654nkmvev7epmjn3ki7z4yveycjkzm7hcypig232x4q
message succeeded!
Message CID: bafy2bzacebapq2fj5vw4icuu3wlafuzz5h7rky32kzkvh42fdi5wrmadm4ub2
message succeeded!
The old and the new address must be available to the Lotus node. You can create a new address or import an existing one.
Beneficiary address
A beneficiary address is a special purpose address which takes over the finicial control from the owner address for a given quota and time, but does not take over the owner addresses privileges. The seperation of owner and beneficiary brings more flexibility in the Filecoin financing market.
lotus-shed actor command includes ability for beneficiary holders to approve changes, and withdraw balance. So that any beneficiary holder does not need to import their private keys where the lotus-miner process is running.You can propose changing the beneficiary address with:
lotus-miner actor propose-change-beneficiary <beneficiaryAddress> <quota> <expiration>
beneficiaryAddressis the address you want to become a beneficiary for the given SP.quotais the amount of FIL this beneficiary is allowed to withdraw before it expires.expirationchain epoch at which the beneficary address expires.
As an example we can change the beneficiary address with a quota of 5 FIL and an expiration epoch height of 12000 with this command:
lotus-miner actor propose-change-beneficiary t3v43szapdkxo4s5hhmtyvxcvcr4lkaegghlkc3anlw7iuktsg25wckebkpk2t2qz7sreinte34oajdxzerykq 5 12000
Propose Message CID: bafy2bzacebj2ifmxsttxtsu6oyosocyrjmduphtzq55njfmwmasehi4i5o7e2
Beneficiary address change awaiting additional confirmations
In lotus-miner info you can now see that the new beneficiary info has been proposed:
Beneficiary: t01223
Pending Beneficiary Term:
New Beneficiary: t01671
New Quota: 5000000000000000000
New Expiration: 12000
Approved By Beneficiary: true
Approved By Nominee: false
For the change to take effect, the proposed new beneficiary address needs to confirm the proposal:
lotus-miner actor confirm-change-beneficiary --new-beneficiary=true <minerID>
Confirming Pending Beneficiary Term of:
Beneficiary: t01671
Quota: 5000000000000000000
Expiration Epoch: 12000
Confirm Message CID: bafy2bzacebkxdcxc2poxspjfyi65uvlflqydi4vsuodxqd5go7dmr32x5mtt6
Beneficiary address successfully changed
In you lotus-miner info command that the change has been confirmed, and what is left of the beneficiaries quota:
Beneficiary: t01671
Beneficiary Quota: 5000000000000000000
Beneficiary Used Quota: 0
Beneficiary Expiration: 12000
To withdraw balance the withdrawal method can be called by the beneficiary address or the owner address, but the balance will always be sent to the beneficiary. The total balance withdrawed to a beneficiary address can´t exceed its quota or after the expiration epoch has passed.
To revert the address back to the owner address after the exipiration epoch or the quota of the beneficiary address has been filled, you will need to propose changing the beneficiary address back to the owner address with 0-values for the quota and expiration.
lotus-miner actor propose-change-beneficiary <owner> 0 0
Propose Message CID: bafy2bzacedsn3tkikqvt7wo3g7nrqjkbqojcbpasqnib32ihrjqgryqfhokoa
Beneficiary address successfully changed
The worker address
The worker address is used to send and pay for day-to-day operations performed by the miner:
- Initializing the miner on the chain.
- Changing the miner peer id or the multiaddresses.
- Interacting with market and payment channel actors.
- Signing new blocks.
- Submitting proofs, declaring faults. WindowPoSts are submitted using the worker address if:
- Control addresses are not defined or do not have enough balance.
- The owner address does not have enough balance.
Unlike the owner address, the address set as the miner’s worker address should be part of the Lotus local wallet and accessible by the miner. The Lotus Miner will trigger all the necessary transactions using the Lotus node to which it is connected. The worker address must have enough funds to pay for the day-to-day operations of the miner, including initialization.
Control addresses
Control addresses are used to submit WindowPoSts proofs to the chain. WindowPoSt is the mechanism through which storage is verified in Filecoin and is required by miners to submit proofs for all sectors every 24 hours. Those proofs are submitted as messages to the blockchain and therefore need to pay the respective fees.
Many mining-related actions require sending messages to the chain, but not all of those are as high-value as WindowPoSts. By using control addresses you can stop the first transaction holding up a line of transactions. This blocking problem is known as head-of-line blocking.
Multiple control addresses can be created and configured. The first control address that has enough funds to submit a WindowPoSt transaction will be used. If there are no control addresses with sufficent funds then the owner address will be used. If the owner address has insufficent funds, or is unavailable, then the worker address will be used to submit a WindowPoSt.
Otherwise, Lotus fails over to the owner and ultimately to the worker address.
To set up a control address:
Create a new address and send it some funds for gas fees:
lotus wallet new blsf3defg...lotus send --from <address> f3defg... 100Inform the miner of the new address:
lotus-miner actor control set --really-do-it f3defg...Add f3defg... Message CID: bafy2...Wait for the message to land on chain:
lotus state wait-msg bafy2...... Exit Code: 0 ...Check the miner control address list to make sure the address was correctly added:
lotus-miner actor control listname ID key use balance owner f01234 f3defg... 300 FIL worker f01111 f3abcd... other 300 FIL control-0 f02222 f3defg... post 100 FIL
Repeat this procedure to add additional addresses.
- You can specify other actor to check control address:
lotus-miner --actor f01000 actor control list
Use control addresses for all messages
Clean up the tasks required for your worker address by setting your control addresses to perform pre-commits, commits, publish deals and terminate. By default, the worker address will act as a fallback address if any of the control addresses are out of funds. See .lotusminer config.toml for more information.
Create five control addresses. Control addresses can be any type of address:
secp256k1orbls:lotus wallet new blsf3defg...lotus wallet new blsf3vst2...lotus wallet new blsf3uuyr...lotus wallet new blsf3wywg...lotus wallet new blsf3qtma...lotus wallet listAddress Balance Nonce Default f3defg... 0 FIL 0 X f3vst2... 0 FIL 0 f3uuyr... 0 FIL 0 f3wywg... 0 FIL 0 f3qtma... 0 FIL 0Add some funds into those five addresses.
Wait for around 5 minutes for the addresses to be assigned IDs.
Get ID of those addresses:
lotus wallet list -iAddress ID Balance Nonce Default f3defg... f02222 0.59466768102284489 FIL 1 X f3vst2... f03333 0.4 FIL 0 f3uuyr... f04444 0.4 FIL 0 f3wywg... f05555 0.4 FIL 0 f3qtma... f06666 0.4 FIL 0Add control addresses:
lotus-miner actor control set --really-do-it f02222 f03333 f04444 f05555 f06666Add f3defg... Add f3vst2... Add f3uuyr... Add f3wywg... Add f3qtma... Message CID: bafy2bzacecfryzmwe5ghsazmfzporuybm32yw5q6q75neyopifps3c3gll6aqWait for around 5 minutes to be sure that the message has landed.
Add the newly created addresses into the miner config under the
[Addresses]section:[Addresses] PreCommitControl = ["f3vst2..."] CommitControl = ["f3uuyr..."] TerminateControl = ["f3qtma..."] DealPublishControl = ["f3wywg..."]Restart
lotus-miner.Done!
lotus-miner actor control listname ID key use balance owner f01234 f3zdes... 300 FIL worker f01111 f3abcd... other 0.4 FIL control-0 f02222 f3defg... post 0.4 FIL control-1 f03333 f3vst2... precommit 0.4 FIL control-2 f04444 f3uuyr... commit 0.4 FIL control-3 f05555 f3wywg... deals 0.4 FIL control-4 f06666 f3qtma... terminate 0.4 FIL
Managing balances
Get the balances associated with a miner wallet by calling info:
lotus-miner info
Miner: f01000 (32 GiB sectors)
Power: 1 Pi / 1 Ei (100.0000%)
Raw: 1 PiB / 1 PiB (100.0000%)
Committed: 1 PiB
Proving: 1 PiB
Projected average block win rate: 1000/week (every 1h0m0s)
Projected block win with 99.9% probability every 2h0m0s
(projections DO NOT account for future network and miner growth)
Miner Balance: 123456.789 FIL
PreCommit: 0
Pledge: 122965.789 FIL
Vesting: 250 FIL
Available: 250 FIL
Market Balance: 0 FIL
Locked: 0 FIL
Available: 0 FIL
Worker Balance: 500 FIL
Control: 600 FIL
Total Spendable: 1350 FIL
In this example, the miner ID is f01000, it has a total balance of 123456.789 FIL, and an available balance of 250 FIL that can be used as collateral or to pay for the pledge. The worker balance is 500 FIL and the control balance is 600 FIL. Control balance combines all funds in the control addresses and Total Spendable combines Available, Worker Balance and Control balances.
Control addresses is a good way to avoid stuck messages in your local mpool, but it can still happen occasionally.
A good pratice is to keep track of the basefee and always have enough FIL in the control addresses.
Adjust your fees limits in .lotusminer config.toml accordingly.
[Fees]
MaxPreCommitGasFee = "0.025 FIL"
MaxCommitGasFee = "0.05 FIL"
MaxTerminateGasFee = "0.5 FIL"
MaxWindowPoStGasFee = "5 FIL"
MaxPublishDealsFee = "0.05 FIL"
name ID key use balance
owner f01234 f3zdes... 300 FIL
worker f01111 f3abcd... other 50 FIL
control-0 f02222 f3defg... post 10 FIL
control-1 f03333 f3vst2... precommit 100 FIL
control-2 f04444 f3uuyr... commit 200 FIL
control-3 f05555 f3wywg... deals 50 FIL
control-4 f06666 f3qtma... terminate 10 FIL
Withdrawing funds from the Miner actor
Transfer funds from the Miner actor address to the owner address by calling actor withdraw:
lotus-miner actor withdraw <amount>
Requested rewards withdrawal in message bafy2bzacebcvcq7gcgyzpovyzhlz2jiztphzvyfvutbvz4riefqd5pegulz6e
waiting for 5 epochs for confirmation..
Successfully withdrew <amount> FIL